You’ve heard of fighting fire with fire, but fighting cancer with cancer? A Mayo Clinic Study has found that A mutant gene long thought to accelerate tumor growth in thyroid cancer patients actually inhibits the spread of malignant cells, showing promise for novel cancer therapies. The findings will be presented by Mayo Clinic researcher Honey Reddi, Ph.D., at the Endocrine Society meeting in Boston.
Dr. Reddi’s discovery could have widespread implications in cancer research and endocrinology. It could help oncologists sharpen the diagnosis of specific types of thyroid cancers, while leading pharmaceutical researchers toward therapeutics derived from a protein once thought to feed tumor growth.
“It’s not an oncogene like everyone thought it was,” Dr. Reddi says, referring to a gene with the potential to cause cancer. “We all knew what happened in the cell culture, but we said, ‘That’s not good enough,’ so we asked, ‘What would it do in mice?’”
Thyroid cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and 15 to 20 percent of all thyroid cancer cases are follicular, a type that is more aggressive. Dr. Reddi’s findings could aid this diagnosis and treatment for thousands of patients.
Distinguishing benign from malignant follicular thyroid cancer poses a unique challenge to oncologists. An accurate diagnosis of malignant follicular cancer cannot be made until after cancerous material is removed. That has led to countless unnecessary surgeries in patients with benign thyroid tumors. Patients who now present with non-papillary cancerous growths on thyroid cells must undergo surgery to remove the tumor — even if the cancer is benign.
Dr. Reddi’s research found that the PAX8/PPARγ fusion protein, developed from a mutated fusion gene found in many follicular thyroid carcinomas, functions as a tumor suppressor by upregulating (encourages natural production of) microRNA-122 and PTEN, both naturally occurring anti-tumor agents.
Based on her discussions with clinicians at Mayo Clinic, Dr. Reddi says, “There are many complications from thyroid surgery, and having early detection markers could save thousands of unnecessary surgeries every year. We’re just getting started and look towards a rapid translation from bench to bedside.”
Others on the study team include Bryan McIver, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D.; Norman Eberhardt, Ph.D.; Pranathi Madde; Dragana Milosevic; Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Ph.D.; and Stefan Grebe, M.D.; all of Mayo Clinic. Translation of this research to a clinical setting is being done in collaboration with Dr. Grebe. The study was funded by Mayo Clinic and the National Institutes of Health.
Below is a link to a youtube video with Dr. Reddi talking about the study.
